Melanoma is a malignant tumor, which may appear in different parts of the body. It often appears in the lower area of the body, but it can also appear in the bowel and the eye. Melanoma of the eye is called uveal melanoma - it occurs when tumors arise in pigmented cells of the eye. Sometimes it is also called ovular melanoma - a tumor arising from the melanocytic system, which develops in the eye.

Melanoma treatment includes surgical removal of the tumor, and different therapies against cancer, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Surgery of melanoma is often done by a "wide local excision", which reduces the rate of tumor recurrence. Unlike minimal invasive surgeries, such as, or minimal invasive knee surgery, the surgery of melanoma aims not only to remove the problem, but to prevent its future reappearance, particularly dangerous in cases of cancer.

Around 160,000 cases of melanoma are diagnosed each year, particularly in the area of Caucasus. Melanomas usually spread to the lymph nodes in the regions of the tumor; surgical removal pf lymph nodes did not bring much success. High risk melanomas sometimes require adjuvant treatment, which includes high doses of interferos, usually resulting in severe side effects. For treatment of melanoma the doctors usually suggest chemotherapy; it has a range of side effects, such as nausea, anemia, and depression of immune system, which in itself leads to various problems with the patients' health; however, it has proved to be one of the most successful treatments of melanoma.